Safety Requirements for Lifting Operations and Lifting Machinery

In the field of modern industry and construction, lifting operations and lifting machinery play a pivotal role, they not only greatly improve the efficiency of work, but also expand the boundaries of construction and production. However, as the complexity of lifting operations and lifting machinery to enhance the diversity of the types of safety issues have become increasingly prominent. Lifting operations involve working at height, heavy lifting and other high-risk aspects, once improper operation or equipment failure, it may cause serious accidents, posing a huge threat to the safety of personnel and production order. Therefore, in-depth discussion of lifting operations and lifting machinery safety requirements, not only to follow the industry norms, but also to respect and protect the safety of life.

Basic requirements for lifting operations

Definition and classification of lifting operations

Lifting operations refers to the use of a variety of lifting machinery and equipment, through vertical or horizontal movement of materials to achieve loading and unloading, installation, handling and other operational processes. According to the mode of operation, material characteristics and the use of different scenes, lifting operations can be divided into lifting operations, handling operations, loading and unloading operations and other types. Each type has its own specific safety requirements and operational standards. For example, lifting operations require the use of cranes and other lifting machinery, heavy lifting and installation or movement; handling operations require the use of forklifts and other equipment, the material will be moved in the horizontal direction; loading and unloading operations need to be in ports, yards and other places, the use of various loading and unloading machinery will be loaded or unloaded into or out of the vehicle, warehouse and other places.

Safety risk assessment of lifting operations

Before carrying out lifting operations, a comprehensive assessment of factors such as the working environment, equipment conditions, and material characteristics must be conducted to determine potential safety risks. The assessment content includes but is not limited to equipment carrying capacity, working space restrictions, material stability, etc. Through risk assessment, targeted safety precautions can be formulated to reduce the probability of accidents. For example, for lifting operations, it is necessary to assess whether the crane's carrying capacity meets the requirements, whether the lifting plan is reasonable, whether the lifting equipment is safe and reliable, etc.; for handling operations, it is necessary to assess whether the passage is unobstructed, whether the forklift is stable, etc.; for loading and unloading operations, it is necessary to assess whether the stability of the cargo is good, whether the operation of the loading and unloading machinery is standardized, etc.

Qualification requirements for lifting operators

Lifting operators must have corresponding professional knowledge and skills and hold valid operating certificates. They should be familiar with the performance, structure, safety devices and operating methods of lifting machinery, and master basic first aid knowledge and emergency response skills. In addition, operators need to receive regular training and assessments to continuously improve their safety awareness and operating skills. At the same time, operators also need to understand relevant safety regulations and operating procedures to ensure the safety of themselves and others.

Safety management of lifting operation sites

A sound safety management system should be established at the lifting operation site to clarify the safety responsibilities and operating specifications of personnel at all levels. Obvious safety warning signs should be set up on site and necessary safety protection facilities should be equipped. At the same time, the monitoring and management of the operation process should be strengthened to ensure that various safety measures are effectively implemented. For example, at the lifting operation site, safety signs such as cordons and warning lights should be set up to remind passers-by and vehicles to pay attention to safety; at the handling operation site, the passage should be kept unobstructed to avoid the stacking of debris and obstacles; at the loading and unloading operation site, the cargo stacking and transportation routes should be reasonably arranged to avoid cross-operation and collision accidents.

Safety management form for Lifting operation site

Table of Safety Precautions for Lifting Operations

Basic structure and principle of lifting machinery

Classification and characteristics of lifting machinery

Lifting machinery is an indispensable and important equipment in modern industrial production. There are many types of lifting machinery. According to different structural forms, functions and application scenarios, lifting machinery can be divided into tower cranes, bridge cranes, gantry cranes, mobile cranes and other types.

1. Tower crane: Tower crane is a kind of lifting machinery with high lifting capacity and large working range, mainly used in the construction of large projects such as high-rise buildings, bridges, docks, etc. The structure of the tower crane mainly includes the tower body, boom, slewing mechanism and other parts. The lifting mechanism inside the tower body and the telescopic mechanism of the boom are used to realize the lifting and horizontal movement of materials.

2. Bridge crane: Bridge crane is a kind of lifting machinery widely used in workshops, warehouses and other places, with high work efficiency and flexibility. The structure of the bridge crane mainly includes the bridge frame, trolley running mechanism, trolley running mechanism and other parts. The trolley running mechanism and trolley running mechanism are driven by the motor to realize the horizontal and vertical movement of materials.

3. Gantry crane: Gantry crane is a kind of lifting machinery with a large span and high working intensity, mainly used in ports, docks and other places. The structure of a gantry crane mainly includes the gantry, the trolley running mechanism, the trolley running mechanism and other parts. The motor drives the trolley running mechanism and the trolley running mechanism to achieve the horizontal and vertical movement of materials.

4. Mobile crane: A mobile crane is a kind of lifting machinery with strong mobility and flexibility, which is widely used in construction sites, docks, bridges and other places. The structure of a mobile crane mainly includes the chassis, slewing mechanism, boom and other parts. The motor drives the slewing mechanism and boom to achieve the lifting and horizontal movement of materials.

Main structural components of lifting machinery

The main structural components of lifting machinery include lifting mechanism, operating mechanism, metal structure, electrical system, etc. These components cooperate with each other to complete the handling and lifting of materials.

• Lifting mechanism: The lifting mechanism is one of the core components of lifting machinery and is responsible for the vertical movement of materials. The lifting mechanism mainly includes motors, reducers, drums and other parts. The motor drives the reducer, and then the reducer drives the drum to achieve the lifting and lowering of materials.

• Operating mechanism: The operating mechanism is another important component of lifting machinery and is responsible for the horizontal movement of materials. The operating mechanism mainly includes two types: trolley operating mechanism and trolley operating mechanism. The trolley operating mechanism is mainly responsible for the horizontal movement of the bridge or gantry, while the trolley operating mechanism is mainly responsible for the horizontal movement of the trolley.

• metal structure: The metal structure is the supporting and force-bearing component of the lifting machinery, mainly including the bridge, gantry, boom and other parts. These metal structures are connected together by welding or bolting to form a stable overall structure. At the same time, the metal structure also has sufficient strength and stability to withstand the weight of materials and various external forces.

• Electrical system: The electrical system provides power and control signals for lifting machinery, mainly including motors, controllers, sensors and other parts. The electrical system precisely controls the motor through the controller to realize various actions of the lifting machinery. At the same time, the sensor can also monitor the weight and position of the material in real time, providing accurate data support for the operator.

Working principle of lifting machinery

The working principle of lifting machinery is based on mechanical principles and electric traction technology. During work, the motor drives the actuator such as the drum or boom through the reducer to carry out material handling or lifting operations. At the same time, the control system precisely controls the operation of the motor to realize various actions of the lifting machinery. The control system monitors the weight and position of the material in real time through the sensor, and controls the motor accordingly according to the monitoring results to ensure the accuracy and safety of material handling or lifting operations.

The working principle of lifting machinery

Safety devices and protective measures for lifting machinery

Setting and function of overload limiter

The overload limiter is one of the core safety devices of lifting machinery, and its setting and function are crucial. First, according to the design parameters and working requirements of the lifting machinery, the overload limit value is set scientifically and reasonably. This value is usually lower than the actual load-bearing capacity of the lifting machinery to ensure that the limiter is not frequently triggered under normal working conditions. once the actual load of the lifting machinery exceeds the preset limit value, the overload limiter will respond immediately, and prevent the equipment from continuing to overload by cutting off the power supply or issuing an audible and visual alarm signal, thereby preventing serious safety accidents such as equipment damage, structural instability, and wire rope breakage caused by overload.

Types and functions of limiters

The limiter is an important part of the lifting machinery. According to its different functions, it can be divided into various types such as travel limiter, height limiter, and weight limiter. These limiters accurately control the range of motion of the lifting machinery by mechanical or electrical means to ensure that it is always in a safe and controllable state during the working process. The travel limiter is usually installed on the running track or hanging beam of the crane to limit the maximum moving distance of the crane in a specific direction. The height limiter is used to limit the maximum lifting height of the hoist or hoisted objects in the vertical direction to prevent accidents caused by excessive lifting.

Configuration of buffers and stop devices

Buffers and stop devices are indispensable safety configurations in lifting machinery. Buffers are usually made of materials such as springs, hydraulics or rubber, which can effectively absorb the impact energy generated by the lifting machinery during movement, thereby reducing the degree of damage to the equipment during impact. The stop device is fixed on the movement trajectory of the equipment to achieve precise control of the movement range of the lifting machinery through mechanical or electrical means.

Requirements for the setting of protective covers and guardrails

In order to ensure the safety of personnel, protective covers or guardrails must be set in dangerous areas such as rotating parts and moving parts of the lifting machinery. Protective covers and guardrails should be firm and reliable, and can effectively prevent people from entering or contacting dangerous areas by mistake. At the same time, these devices should also be easy to observe and repair, and should not affect the operator's monitoring of the equipment status and daily maintenance work. In addition, the design of protective covers and guardrails should also take into account factors such as heat dissipation, maintenance and maintenance of the equipment, and the operator's line of sight.

Safety inspection and maintenance of lifting machinery

Content and cycle of regular inspection

Regular inspection is a key link to ensure the safe operation of lifting machinery, and its content covers many aspects. Appearance inspection includes careful observation of the structural parts, connectors and safety protection facilities of the lifting machinery to find possible cracks, deformation, wear, corrosion and other problems. Functional testing involves comprehensive inspection of various actions and performance indicators of the lifting machinery, such as lifting capacity, operating stability, braking performance, etc., to ensure the reliability and safety of the equipment under normal operation. Safety device calibration is an important link to ensure that the lifting machinery can act promptly and effectively when encountering abnormal conditions, including but not limited to overload protection devices, limit devices, alarm devices, etc. The accuracy and reliability of these safety devices directly affect the safety performance of the lifting machinery.

When determining the period of regular inspection, multiple factors need to be considered comprehensively. The frequency of use of the equipment is one of the key factors. Frequently used lifting machinery obviously requires a shorter inspection cycle to ensure that it always maintains a good operating state and safety. The working environment is also an important consideration. Harsh working environments such as high temperature, high humidity, high dust and other conditions may accelerate equipment wear and aging, so the inspection cycle needs to be shortened appropriately. The manufacturer's recommendations are also an important reference for determining the inspection cycle. Following the recommendations and standards provided by the manufacturer can ensure that the requirements of the equipment during the design and manufacturing process are met.

By strictly implementing the regular inspection system, potential safety hazards can be effectively discovered and eliminated, the safety of the working environment and the safety of personnel can be guaranteed, and the service life of the lifting machinery can be effectively extended, and the economic benefits and efficiency of the equipment can be improved.

The key points of daily maintenance and maintenance

The daily maintenance and maintenance of lifting machinery is an important part of ensuring its safe and stable operation. This work involves many aspects. First, keep the surface of the equipment clean and clean the surface of the lifting machinery regularly to prevent dust accumulation, oil stains, etc. from affecting the appearance and performance of the equipment. Secondly, lubricating parts are an important part of ensuring the normal operation of lifting machinery. According to the lubrication requirements of the equipment and the actual working conditions, each lubrication point should be regularly inspected and lubricated to reduce component wear and maintain the stable operation of the equipment. In addition, checking fasteners is also an important part of daily maintenance and maintenance. Loose fasteners are one of the common causes of lifting machinery failures. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly inspect each connection part, promptly detect and tighten loose bolts, nuts and other fasteners to prevent equipment failures or safety accidents caused by loose fasteners.

In daily maintenance work, relevant personnel should keep regular maintenance records, record maintenance dates, maintenance content, replacement parts and other information, so as to establish a complete equipment maintenance file and provide strong support for subsequent equipment management. Through the implementation of these measures, the safety and stability of lifting machinery in daily use can be ensured, and accidents and equipment damage caused by improper maintenance can be effectively avoided.

Criteria for judging repair and replacement

When a lifting machinery fails or is damaged, it needs to be evaluated according to the criteria for judging repair and replacement. In the evaluation process, the nature and extent of the failure must first be comprehensively and carefully analyzed and judged. For those failures that can restore the original performance of the equipment after repair and will not have much impact on the overall operation, a decisive decision should be made to repair them. This can not only save cost resources, but also maintain the original performance of the equipment and extend the service life of the equipment. However, for those failures that cannot be effectively repaired by maintenance means, or for those damage conditions that still have safety hazards and affect the overall performance of the equipment after repair, replacement measures should be resolutely taken. By replacing the faulty parts or the whole machine, the problem can be completely solved, potential safety hazards can be eliminated, and the safe and stable operation of the lifting machinery can be ensured.

Inspection and rectification of safety hazards

In the process of using lifting machinery, the inspection and rectification of safety hazards are extremely important. In order to ensure the safe operation of the equipment, a comprehensive and detailed inspection of hidden dangers must be carried out. This work involves all aspects of the equipment, including but not limited to the degree of aging of structural parts, the looseness of connectors, the integrity of the electrical system, and the effectiveness of safety protection facilities. In the process of inspection, it is necessary to not miss any details and links that may have hidden dangers. For the safety hazards found, effective rectification measures must be taken immediately. The rectification measures should be targeted and operational to ensure that the safety hazards can be completely eliminated. At the same time, during the rectification process, attention should be paid to the relevant record work, so as to provide a strong basis for subsequent tracking and management. By strictly implementing the inspection and rectification system of safety hazards, the safe operation of lifting machinery can be effectively guaranteed, the probability of safety accidents can be reduced, and the safety of personnel and the integrity of equipment can be ensured.

Safety operating procedures for lifting machinery

Preparation before operation

Before operating lifting machinery, a series of preparations need to be carried out to ensure the normal operation of the equipment and the safety of personnel. First, check the appearance of the lifting machinery, including checking whether there are cracks, deformations and other damages on the surface of the equipment, and whether the connections of various components are firm. At the same time, it is also necessary to check the performance of the equipment, such as checking whether the braking system, hydraulic system, electrical system, etc. are normal. It is also necessary to confirm the effectiveness of safety devices, such as limiters, overload protectors, emergency stop buttons, etc., to ensure that the equipment can be stopped in time in dangerous situations. It is also very important to understand the working environment. Operators need to master the material characteristics, such as weight, size, shape, etc., in order to choose appropriate slings and lifting methods. In addition, it is also necessary to wear personal protective equipment, such as safety helmets, protective glasses, gloves, etc., to prevent injuries in the event of accidents.

Precautions during operation

During the operation of lifting machinery, safety operating procedures must be strictly followed. First of all, it is very important to operate the control handle correctly to ensure stable operation and precise position control. It is also essential to pay attention to the operating status of the equipment, observe whether the operating status of each component is stable, and deal with any abnormalities in a timely manner. It is also very important to maintain communication with the operating personnel to ensure the safety of collaborative operations. At the same time, dangerous operations such as overspeeding and overloading should be avoided during operation to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.

Response measures in emergency situations

In emergency situations, such as equipment failure and personal injury, the operator should take response measures immediately. First, cut off the power supply to avoid accidental startup of the equipment or aggravate the consequences of the accident; start the emergency shutdown device to quickly stop the operation of the equipment; evacuate personnel to avoid the expansion of the accident; report to relevant departments and personnel in a timely manner to quickly handle the accident. In the process of handling the accident, you should remain calm and take scientific and reasonable measures to minimize casualties and property losses.

Finishing work after the operation

After the operation, the finishing work should be done well. First, turn off the power of the equipment to save energy and avoid overheating or damage caused by long-term operation of the equipment; clean up the work site to keep it tidy and avoid safety hazards; return the tools to avoid loss or abuse; it is also necessary to inspect and maintain the equipment, such as checking whether the connections of each component are firm and whether the lubrication system is in good condition, to ensure that the equipment is in good operating condition. Strict finishing work can provide safety guarantee for the next operation and extend the service life of the equipment.

Safety Requirements for Lifting Operations and Lifting Machinery